
Closed models, such as those from Anthropic and OpenAI, offer higher intelligence and integration benefits, potentially driving higher user payments, while the open model economy will eventually mature and fill the niche left by closed models, driven by economic factors and demand for low-price AI solutions. Closed labs will continue to optimize models for intelligence at a given cost, leveraging capital investments, while the open model economy will take longer to develop but will offer a more satisfying experience as AI becomes more integrated into the broader economy.
Reflections on AI's writing ability and how AI models get more capable.

After a few long years of finding time to document my lessons from training open models, my post-training book is done!

Musings on model alignment, what determines safety, and where we go from here.
